scatter plots

creating, 219, 238–240

example of, 221

types of, 214

Scheffe’s test, 154–156

scientific notation, 28

screening tests, 184–187

SD (standard deviation), 119, 123, 143, 222

SE (standard error)

calculating, 147–148, 179–180

of coefficients, 225–226, 340

compared to confidence intervals, 130–131

description of, 38, 129, 163, 242

in a fraction, 41

secondary efficacy objective, 62

secondary objectives, 62

sensitivity, 185–186, 262–264

sigma (Σ), 27–28

significance, 40, 42–43, 174

significance tests. See statistical tests; specific test names

significant association, 11

significant correlation, 363–364

simple formulas, 24

simple random samples (SRS), 80–81

simple randomization, 66

simple regression, 209

simulation, 79

singleblinding,

66

singleprecision numbers, 107

singlesite study,

104

skewed data, 11, 114, 121, 353

skewness, 121

skewness coefficient (γ), 121

slope row, 224